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Create non-domain-joined Linux VDAs using MCS

July 10, 2024
Contributed by: 
B C

This article walks you through using Machine Creation Services (MCS) to create non-domain-joined Linux VDAs in Citrix DaaS.

Important:

(For Nutanix only) Step 1: Install and register the Nutanix AHV plug-in

Obtain the Nutanix AHV plug-in package from Nutanix. Install and register the plug-in in your Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops environment. For more information, see the Nutanix Acropolis MCS plug-in installation guide, available at the Nutanix Support Portal.

Step 1a: Install and register the Nutanix AHV plug-in for on-premises Delivery Controllers

After you install Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, select and install the XD MCS AHV Plugin on your Delivery Controllers.

Nutanix AHV plug-in for on-premises Delivery Controllers

Step 1b: Install and register the Nutanix AHV plug-in for cloud Delivery Controllers

Select and install the CWA MCS AHV Plugin for Citrix Cloud Connectors. Install the plug-in on all Citrix Cloud Connectors that are registered with the Citrix Cloud tenant. You must register Citrix Cloud Connectors even when they serve a resource location without the AHV.

Step 1c: Complete the following steps after installing the plug-in

  • Verify that a Nutanix Acropolis folder has been created in C:\Program Files\Common Files\Citrix\HCLPlugins\CitrixMachineCreation\v1.0.0.0.
  • Run the "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Citrix\HCLPlugins\RegisterPlugins.exe" -PluginsRoot "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Citrix\HCLPlugins\CitrixMachineCreation\v1.0.0.0" command.

  • Restart the Citrix Host, Citrix Broker, and Citrix Machine Creation Services on your on-premises Delivery Controllers or restart the Citrix RemoteHCLServer Service on Citrix Cloud Connectors.

    Tip:

    We recommend that you stop and then restart the Citrix Host, Citrix Broker, and Machine Creation Services when you install or update the Nutanix AHV plug-in.

Step 2: Create a host connection

Hosts are hypervisors or cloud services that are in use in your resource locations. This step lets you specify information that DaaS uses to communicate with VMs on a host. Detailed information includes the resource location, host type, access credentials, storage method to use, and which networks the VMs on the host can use.

Important:

The host resources (storage and network) in your resource location must be available before you create a connection.

  1. Sign in to Citrix Cloud.
  2. In the upper left menu, select My Services > DaaS.
  3. From Manage > Full Configuration, select Hosting in the left pane.
  4. Select Add Connections and Resources in the action bar.
  5. The wizard guides you through the following pages. Specific page content depends on the selected connection type. After completing each page, select Next until you reach the Summary page.

Step 2a: Connection

Add connection image

On the Connection page:

  • To create a connection, select Create a new Connection. To create a connection based on the same host configuration as an existing connection, select Use an existing Connection and then choose the relevant connection.
  • Select a zone in the Zone name field. The options are all resource locations you configured.
  • Select a hypervisor or cloud service in the Connection type field. The options are hypervisors and cloud services that have their plug-ins installed properly in the zone. Alternatively, you can use the PowerShell command Get-HypHypervisorPlugin -ZoneUid to get the list of hypervisor plug-ins available with the selected zone.
  • Enter a connection name. This name appears in the Manage display.
  • Choose the tool to create virtual machines: Machine Creation Services or Citrix Provisioning.

Information on the Connection page differs depending on the host (connection type) you’re using. For example, when using the Azure Resource Manager, you can use an existing service principal or create one.

Step 2b: Storage management

Add connection management image

For information about storage management types and methods, see Host storage.

If you are configuring a connection to a Hyper-V or VMware host, browse to and then select a cluster name. Other connection types do not request a cluster name.

Select a storage management method: storage shared by hypervisors or storage local to the hypervisor.

  • If you choose storage shared by hypervisors, indicate if you want to keep temporary data on the available local storage. (You can specify nondefault temporary storage sizes in the machine catalogs that use this connection.) Exception: When using Clustered Storage Volumes (CSV), Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager does not allow temporary data cache disks to be created on local storage. Attempts to configure that storage management setup in the Manage console fails.

If you use shared storage in a Citrix Hypervisor pool, indicate if you want to use IntelliCache to reduce the load on the shared storage device. See Citrix Hypervisor virtualization environments.

Step 2c: Storage selection

Storage selection image

For more information about storage selection, see Host storage.

Select at least one host storage device for each available data type. The storage management method that you selected on the previous page affects which data types are available for selection on this page. You must select at least one storage device for each supported data type before you can proceed to the next page in the wizard.

The lower portion of the Storage Selection page contains more configuration options if you chose storage shared by hypervisors and enabled Optimize temporary data on available local storage. You can select which local storage devices (in the same hypervisor pool) to use for temporary data.

The number of currently selected storage devices is shown (in the graphic, “1 storage device selected”). When you hover over that entry, the selected device names appear (unless no devices are configured).

  1. Select Select to change the storage devices to use.
  2. In the Select Storage dialog box, select or clear the storage device check boxes, and then select OK.

Step 2d: Region

(Appears only for some host types.) The region selection indicates where VMs will be deployed. Ideally, choose a region close to where users access their applications.

Step 2e: Network

Enter a name for the resources. This name appears in the Manage console to identify the storage and network combination associated with the connection. Select one or more networks that the VMs use.

Some connection types (such as Azure Resource Manager) also list subnets that VMs use. Select one or more subnets.

Step 2f: Summary

Review your selections; if you want to make changes, use return to previous wizard pages. When you complete your review, select Finish.

Remember: If you store temporary data locally, you can configure nondefault values for temporary data storage when you create the catalog containing machines that use this connection.

Note:

A scope is not shown for Full access administrators. For more information, see Administrators, roles, and scopes.

For more information, see Create and manage connections.

Step 3: Prepare a master image

Tip:

You can use a single image for creating both domain-joined and non-domain-joined VDAs.

(For XenServer (formerly Citrix Hypervisor) only) Step 3a: Install XenServer VM Tools

Install XenServer VM Tools on the template VM for each VM to use the xe CLI or XenCenter. VM performance can be slow unless you install the tools. Without the tools, you can’t do any of the following:

  • Cleanly shut down, restart, or suspend a VM.
  • View the VM performance data in XenCenter.
  • Migrate a running VM (through XenMotion).
  • Create snapshots or snapshots with memory (checkpoints), and revert to snapshots.
  • Adjust the number of vCPUs on a running Linux VM.

  1. Download the XenServer VM Tools for Linux file from the XenServer Downloads page or the Citrix Hypervisor Downloads page based on the hypervisor version in use.

  2. Copy the LinuxGuestTools-xxx.tar.gz file to your Linux VM or to a shared drive that the Linux VM can access.

  3. Extract the contents of the tar file: tar -xzf LinuxGuestTools-xxx.tar.gz

  4. Run the following command to install the xe-guest-utilities package based on your Linux distribution.

    For RHEL/CentOS/Rocky Linux/SUSE:

    sudo rpm -i <extract-directory>/xe-guest-utilities_{package-version}_x86.64.rpm
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    For Ubuntu/Debian:

    sudo dpkg -i <extract-directory>/xe-guest-utilities_{package-version}_amd64.deb
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  5. Check the virtualization state of the template VM on the General tab in XenCenter. If XenServer VM Tools are installed correctly, the virtualization state shows Optimized.

Step 3b: Install .NET and the Linux VDA package on the template VM

Note:

To use a currently running VDA as the template VM, skip this step.

Before installing the Linux VDA package, install .NET on the template VM and notice the following:

  • Install .NET Runtime 8.0 on all supported Linux distributions except RHEL 7.9 and Amazon Linux 2.

  • For RHEL 7.9 and Amazon Linux 2, continue to install .NET Runtime 6.0.

  • If your Linux distribution contains the .NET version that you require, install it from the built-in feed. Otherwise, install .NET from the Microsoft package feed. For more information, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/install/linux-package-managers.

After installing .NET, run the following commands based on your Linux distribution to install the Linux VDA:

For RHEL/CentOS/Rocky Linux:

sudo yum –y localinstall <PATH>/<Linux VDA RPM>
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Note:

After you install the Linux VDA on RHEL 8.x/9.x and Rocky Linux 8.x/9.x hosted on GCP, the Ethernet connection might be lost and the Linux VDA might be unreachable after a VM restart. To work around the issue, run the following commands before restarting the VM:

nmcli dev connect eth0
systemctl restart NetworkManager
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For Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo dpkg –i  <PATH>/<Linux VDA DEB>

apt-get install -f
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For SUSE:

sudo zypper –i install <PATH>/<Linux VDA RPM>
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(For RHEL 7 only) Step 3c: Enable repositories to install the tdb-tools package

For RHEL 7 server:

subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-optional-rpms
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For RHEL 7 workstation:

subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-workstation-optional-rpms
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Step 3d: (For RHEL and CentOS only) Install the EPEL repository that can offer ntfs-3g

Install the EPEL repository on RHEL 8, RHEL 7, and CentOS 7. For information on how to install EPEL, see the instructions at https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/epel/.

Step 3e: (For SUSE only) Manually install ntfs-3g

On the SUSE platform, no repository provides ntfs-3g. Download the source code, compile, and install ntfs-3g manually:

  1. Install the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) compiler system and the make package:

    sudo zypper install gcc
sudo zypper install make
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  2. Download the ntfs-3g package.

  3. Decompress the ntfs-3g package:

    sudo tar -xvzf ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-<package version>.tgz
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  4. Enter the path to the ntfs-3g package:

    sudo cd ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-<package version>
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  5. Install ntfs-3g:

    ./configure
make
make install
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Step 3f: (For Ubuntu only) Edit the /etc/network/interfaces file

Add the source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* line to the /etc/network/interfaces file.

Tip：

The /etc/network/interfaces file might not be available on your Ubuntu machine. If the file does not exist, you need to install the net-tools and ifupdown packages first.

Step 3g: (For Ubuntu only) Point /etc/resolv.conf

Point /etc/resolv.conf to /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf instead of pointing it to /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf:

unlink /etc/resolv.conf

ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
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Step 3h: Specify a database to use

You can switch between SQLite and PostgreSQL after installing the Linux VDA package. To do so, complete the following steps:

Note:

  • We recommend you use SQLite for VDI mode only and use PostgreSQL for a hosted shared desktops delivery model.
  • For easy install and MCS, you can specify SQLite or PostgreSQL to use without having to install them manually. Unless otherwise specified through /etc/xdl/db.conf, the Linux VDA uses PostgreSQL by default.
  • You can also use /etc/xdl/db.conf to configure the port number for PostgreSQL.

  1. Run /opt/Citrix/VDA/sbin/ctxcleanup.sh. Omit this step if it is a fresh installation.

  2. Edit /etc/xdl/db.conf before running deploymcs.sh.

Step 3i: Configure MCS variables

There are two ways to configure MCS variables:

  • Edit the /etc/xdl/mcs/mcs.conf file.

  • Use the easy install GUI. To open the easy install GUI, run the /opt/Citrix/VDA/bin/easyinstall command in the desktop environment of your Linux VDA.

    Easy install GUI

    Tip:

    Click Save to save variable settings to a local file under the path you specify. Click Load to load variable settings from a file that you specify.

The following are MCS variables that you can configure for non-domain-joined scenarios. You can use the default variable values or customize the variables as required (optional):

DOTNET_RUNTIME_PATH=path-to-install-dotnet-runtime
DESKTOP_ENVIRONMENT=gnome | mate
REGISTER_SERVICE=Y | N
ADD_FIREWALL_RULES=Y | N
VDI_MODE=Y | N
START_SERVICE=Y | N

(Optional) Step 3j: Write or update registry values for MCS

On the template machine, add command lines to the /etc/xdl/mcs/mcs_local_setting.reg file for writing or updating registry values as required. This action prevents the loss of data and settings every time an MCS-provisioned machine restarts.

Each line in the /etc/xdl/mcs/mcs_local_setting.reg file is a command for setting or updating a registry value.

For example, you can add the following command lines to the /etc/xdl/mcs/mcs_local_setting.reg file to write or update a registry value respectively:

create -k "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Citrix\VirtualChannels\Clipboard\ClipboardSelection" -t "REG_DWORD" -v "Flags" -d "0x00000003" --force
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update -k "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Citrix\VirtualChannels\Clipboard\ClipboardSelection" -v "Flags" -d "0x00000003"
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Step 3k: Create a master image

  1. If you configure MCS variables by editing /etc/xdl/mcs/mcs.conf, run /opt/Citrix/VDA/sbin/deploymcs.sh. If you configure MCS variables by using the GUI, click Deploy. After you click Deploy on the GUI, the variables you set on the GUI override the variables you set in the /etc/xdl/mcs/mcs.conf file.

  2. Create and name a snapshot of your master image based on the public cloud you use.

    • (For XenServer (formerly Citrix Hypervisor), GCP, and VMware vSphere) Install applications on the template VM and shut down the template VM. Create and name a snapshot of your master image.

    • (For Azure) Install applications on the template VM and shut down the template VM from the Azure portal. Ensure that the power status of the template VM shows Stopped (deallocated). Remember the name of the resource group here. You need the name to locate your master image on Azure.

      Stopped power status of template VM

    • (For AWS) Install applications on the template VM and shut down the template VM from the AWS EC2 portal. Ensure that the instance state of the template VM shows Stopped. Right-click the template VM and select Image > Create Image. Type information and make settings as needed. Click Create Image.

      Creating an EBS image

    • (For Nutanix) On Nutanix AHV, shut down the template VM. Create and name a snapshot of your master image.

      Note:

      You must prefix Acropolis snapshot names with XD_ for use in Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops. Use the Acropolis console to rename your snapshots when needed. After you rename a snapshot, restart the Create Catalog wizard to obtain a refreshed list.

Step 4: Create a machine catalog

  1. Sign in to Citrix Cloud.
  2. In the upper left menu, select My Services > DaaS.
  3. From Manage > Full Configuration, select Machine Catalogs.

  4. The wizard guides you to create a machine catalog.

    On the Container page that is unique to Nutanix, select the container that you specified for the template VM earlier.

    On the Master Image page, select the image snapshot.

    On the Virtual Machines page, check for the number of virtual CPUs and the number of cores per vCPU. Select MCS as the machine deployment method and select Non-domain-joined as the identity for machines to be created in the catalog.

    Do other configuration tasks as needed. For more information, see Create machine catalogs.

Note:

If your machine catalog creation process on the Delivery Controller takes a significant amount of time, go to Nutanix Prism and power on the machine prefixed with Preparation manually. This approach helps to continue the creation process.

Step 5: Create a delivery group

A delivery group is a collection of machines selected from one or more machine catalogs. It specifies which users can use those machines, and the applications and desktops available to those users. For more information, see Create delivery groups.

Create non-domain-joined Linux VDAs using MCS
July 10, 2024
Contributed by: 
B C
July 10, 2024
Contributed by: 
B C

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